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Also known as maximal oxygen uptake or consumption. Determined during a graded exercise test (progressive intensity) and determined as the point where oxygen uptake plateaus and shows no further increases or increases only slightly with an additional workload or an increase in exercise intensity.

Also known as peak oxygen uptake or consumption. Determined when the plateau (or levelling off) in oxygen uptake during the graded exercise test of maximal oxygen consumption is not achieved; whether due to factors such as local muscular factors (instead of circulatory). The highest value of oxygen uptake measured during the test is known as V02peak.

Validity refers to the extent to which a measure or tool accurately represents what it is supposed to. There are several types of validity: Face Validity - whether the items on the measure make sense. Convergent Validity - whether the measure correlates with other constructs. Criterion Validity - whether the measure correlates with a gold-standard measurement of a construct. E.g. Standing height would be a criteria for knee height

There are products available to parents at a reduced cost compared to name brand infant formulas.

In the statistical sense, reflects the spread of the distribution of usual intakes or requirements on both sides of the mean intake or requirement. When the variance of a distribution is low, the likelihood of seeing values that are far away from the mean is low; in contrast, when the variance is large, the likelihood of seeing values that are far away from the mean is high. For usual intakes and requirements, variance reflects the person-to-person variability in the group.

A condition manifested by abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, caused by incompetent valves in the internal spermatic vein, and resulting in impaired drainage of blood into the spermatic cord veins when the patient assumes the upright position.

An eating pattern based on grains, vegetables, legumes, seeds, nuts, but excludes meat, fish or fowl, dairy and eggs or products containing these foods.

An eating pattern that exludes animal and fish products.

An infant weighing 1500 grams or less.

When exercise is at > 60% of VO2max (>70% of person’s maximum heart rate, glucose uptake increased by 5-6mg per kg per minute). Examples include brisk walking up an incline, jogging, aerobics, hockey, basketball, fast swimming, fast dancing.

includes vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol); also referred to as native or nutritional vitamin D.

Conversion factors for d-alpha-tocohopherol (natural vitamin E):
- IU x 0.67 = mg d-alpha-tocopherol
- mg alpha-tocopherol x 1.5 = IU
Conversion factors for dl-alpha-tocopherol (synthetic vitamin E):
- IU x 0.45 = mg dl-alpha-tocopherol
- mg dl-alpha-tocopherol x 2.2 = IU

Expulsion of the refluxed gastric contents from the mouth.