Description Claims in the medical literature, lay literature, and on the Internet suggest that the only healthy diet for modern humans is the diet of our ancestors, the Paleolithic diet (1). Proponents of the Paleolithic diet state that the obesity epidemic and 'modern diseases' such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are directly caused by the modern diet, particularly the consumption of grains, legumes, dairy products and processed foods (1,2). Some authors use the acid-ash hypothesis as evidence