Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are
visible. Click on the flag(s) for country-specific information. If a country flag is not listed, there is
no information specific to that country.
[A] The following conclusions are supported by good evidence:
Various meta-analyses of RCTs found iron supplementation among iron-deficient male and female athletes to improve iron status and exercise performance. Study participants with the poorest baseline iron status experienced the greatest degree of improvements and taking the iron for one to three months was more effective than taking it for less than one month. Athletes studied were mostly endurance athletes.
Meta-analyses found iron