Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are
visible. Click on the flag(s) for country-specific information. If a country flag is not listed, there is
no information specific to that country.
Are probiotics from food and supplements equally effective?
No general recommendation can be made. Most health-related effects of probiotics are thought to be strain specific, therefore efficacy cannot be determined unless the food or supplement has been appropriately tested in the form in which they are sold (1) or if bioequivalency has been demonstrated. It is not possible to generalize a minimum dose of probiotics, as dosage varies for different probiotic strains and the health